How to win when software is not a moat | Evan Spiegel (Snapchat CEO)

[00:00] You guys have a billion monthly active users. Why is it so freaking hard to build a durable, lasting social consumer product? So much of consumer technology focuses on to have product market fit. People don't spend nearly enough time thinking about distribution and figuring out distribution. I feel like Snap has always been punching above its weight in terms of just how much new stuff comes out of your team. Stories, AR glasses, swipe-based navigation. We have a very, very small design team that is constantly innovating and creating new things. [00:30] The first day that you join the design team, you present work. You're making things. If you want to have a good idea, you have to have lots of ideas. People copy you. As a human, how does it feel just to see this consistently happen? 15 years ago, we essentially learned that software is not a moat, which is something that everyone is discovering today with AI. You describe this coming year as the crucible moment. It's a real turning point. We're in an industry where so much of the conversation is focused on technology. Humanity is far more important because humanity dictates how technology is adopted. Technology leaders, [01:00] think that folks will just blindly adopt new technology as it comes out, there's going to be a huge amount of societal pushback on a lot of the changes that are coming with AI. [01:10] Today, my guest is Evan Spiegel, CEO and co-founder of Snap. [01:14] Evan is one of the very few humans in the world who has successfully built and scaled a lasting consumer social app. [01:21] In the 15 years since Snapchat launched, [01:23] There are essentially zero social consumer apps that have launched and stuck around. [01:28] Snapchat has over 1 billion monthly active users, is generating over $6 billion a year in revenue. People post over 8 billion AR lens photos a day on Snapchat. And over the years, Evan and his team have invented the concept of stories. They had the first AR glasses product in the market.

[01:47] They invented swipe-based navigation, the camera being primary, and also back in the day, face swapping, making people look older, and so many of the things that are just copied throughout the entire industry. [01:58] If this is truly the golden age of consumer products, like many people say AI is going to enable, there's a lot that we can learn about how Evan and his team think and operate and are able to continue innovating. This is a rare podcast interview with Evan, and we cover a lot of ground. Before we get into it, don't forget to check out Lenny's Product Pass dot com for a year free of the hottest and most well-crafted AI products in the world, available exclusively to Lenny's newsletter subscribers. [02:26] with that i bring you evan spiegel evan thank you so much for being here welcome to the podcast [02:35] Thank you so much. Thanks for having me. I'm looking forward to it. [02:38] I want to start with just trying to understand and help people understand why is it so freaking hard to build a durable, lasting consumer? [02:47] product and in particular a social consumer product [02:50] And just to give people this context, I don't think people realize this, but [02:53] Since you launched 15 years ago, [02:55] There's basically TikTok, which is not really social. It's more like a media platform, I'd say. [03:01] And then maybe threads, which I think is cheating because it just sits on top of Instagram. [03:05] Basically, nothing else has worked other than Snapchat 15 years ago. [03:10] And in spite of everyone just like everyone innately just wants to build a consumer product, social app, it's just like where everyone first goes. Everybody fails. Nothing works.

[03:19] why is it so hard what do you think people don't get well i think it's really interesting you know in terms of the examples that you just shared right of tick tock and threads because you you just shared two examples of people who figured out distribution and i think that that's actually one of the hardest things to figure out in consumer technology today we were so fortunate when we created snapchat the mobile phone you know in the app store were just getting started so people were downloading lots of new apps all the time they were really excited about trying new [03:46] services. Instagram, I think it started a year before Snapchat or something like that. So there was a real appetite to [03:52] try new apps and new services. And that's not the case today. It's a lot harder to get distribution for new ideas and new services. People aren't downloading as many apps now as they used to. And [04:03] Both TikTok and Threads figured out distribution, which is why I think there are more recent examples of success. TikTok did it with money, which I actually thought was really innovative. They spent billions of dollars subsidizing both sides of their video marketplace, acquiring customers to watch videos and then paying creators to make videos. And so they were able to bootstrap their ecosystem. And I think with Threads, obviously, they were able to leverage the amazing distribution. [04:29] that Meta has across all their other products. So I think so much of consumer technology focuses on, you know, am I building the right product? Do I have product market fit? [04:38] build something that's really gonna resonate with customers that they're really gonna wanna use all the time. And I think people don't spend nearly enough time thinking about distribution and figuring out distribution. And that seems to me to be a huge differentiator.

[04:52] You know, as I reflect on the early days of building Snapchat, [04:55] The thing that we figured out in terms of distribution, especially when it comes to social, was that, you know, back then people believed that there was there were network effects in social networks that meant that the more people you had using the service, the stickier that it is. Right. And so there was no way to beat the biggest networks because those were the most valuable. [05:25] what really mattered was connecting you to the right people. And so if you could just connect someone, not to all their friends, but to their best friend, to their partner, to their spouse, the people that they cared most about in the world, that's where the majority of the value [05:38] is in the network. And so that's what really allowed us to grow in those early days. You know, we had the benefit of the app store and mobile distribution, but we also had a different way of growing our service, which wasn't about having the most friends. It was about having your close friends. [05:51] That is so interesting. It's something that I've been thinking a lot about, actually, this idea of distribution. [05:56] Because of AI, if you think about just where AI has come into the market, it started originally just helping people autocomplete code. That's something I've been talking about a lot on this podcast. So it's like, okay, autocomplete code. Okay, now it's writing all our code. Okay, now it's reviewing our code. And now it's testing itself. [06:10] And now it's going to help us come up with ideas. So it's like starting in the middle of the product development process and expanding out. [06:16] And I feel like it will be very good at coming up with great ideas and developing strategy like it's going up. [06:21] I don't know, the funnel or the...

[06:23] timeline of building a product and i feel like distribution is where it ends up being [06:27] What ends up being the new moat and the new biggest challenge, because AI is not going to really help you there. So that it's really interesting that that's even more so true for consumer products. I think that's absolutely the case. And the only thing I would say is, you know, the most exciting times in technology are when there are new platforms that get created. And that tends to be where a lot of the value comes from. You think about, you know, a lot of the big consumer products. [06:49] technology companies today, they were really born out of mobile, right? Whether it's Uber, Snapchat, some of those early generation companies that really got distribution and built themselves on mobile. And so I think as we look forward to sort of these next generation form factors, things like glasses, there's going to be a whole new set of opportunities and a whole new surface for people to build [07:09] generational consumer companies. I'm really excited about that, especially if they have distribution already feels like that's going to be like, I'm just worried for startups. It's going to be very hard. [07:17] to get distribution just like [07:19] There's so much launching every day. [07:22] There's so much to pay attention to, and it just feels very hard for a startup to get any attention. [07:26] with existing, you know, against existing incumbents. [07:30] This episode is brought to you by our season's presenting sponsor, WorkOS. What do OpenAI, Anthropic, Cursor, Vercel, Replit, Sierra, Clay, and hundreds of other winning companies all have in common? They are all powered by WorkOS. If you're building a product for the enterprise, you've felt the pain of integrating single sign-on, skim, RBAC, audit logs, and other features required by large companies. WorkOS turns those deal blockers

[08:00] specifically for B2B SaaS. Literally every startup that I'm an investor in that starts to expand up market ends up working with WorkOS. And that's because they are the best. Whether you are a seed stage startup trying to land your first enterprise customer or a unicorn expanding globally, WorkOS is the fastest path to becoming enterprise ready and unblocking growth. It's essentially Stripe for enterprise features. Visit WorkOS.com to get started or just hit up their [08:30] WorkOS allows you to build faster with delightful APIs, comprehensive docs, and a smooth developer experience. Go to workos.com to make your app enterprise-ready today. [08:40] Something that has always been really interesting to me about Snapchat is it feels like you guys have just [08:44] innovated so much over the years. You guys basically just invent all the things [08:49] People copy you, benefit greatly from it, and it's just kind of wild to watch. And just like a few examples that come to mind. [08:57] stories you guys created. You were very early on AR glasses. You guys launched Spectacles before Meta got into the stuff. [09:05] swipe-based navigation, I think you guys started. [09:08] The idea of holding to do a video versus a photo. [09:12] There's probably a bunch. First of all, what's the next thing someone's going to steal, do you think? [09:17] Oh gosh, well I just saw Instagram Plus launch, so I think that's the latest rip. Which is a subscription. Yeah, I think we just hit 25 million subscribers on Snapchat Plus, more than a billion revenue run rate.

[09:31] was I think probably enough to get Meta's attention that it's a good time to copy. [09:35] And the plus, he's just even taking the plus as the name. Oh, my God. [09:41] Let me just ask you, as a human, how does it feel just to see this consistently happen to you? You guys come up with something awesome. [09:50] Someone rips it off, benefits hugely from it, and you just have to keep doing that again and again. [09:54] You know, it's certainly better than making stuff that people don't want to copy. So I think, you know, in many ways, it's a blessing that we've been able to continue to innovate, to make new things that really resonate with folks and that ultimately people want to end up. [10:07] you know, copying from Snap. So I think it certainly beats the alternative, but it does [10:15] you know, mean that we have to be really thoughtful about our strategy. And so I think, you know, one of the things it's been it's been an interesting time for me to reflect a lot on [10:22] or strategy over the last 15 years, because 15 years ago, we essentially learned that software is not a moat, right? Which is something that everyone is discovering today with AI, right? But 15 years ago, because all the software features [10:34] that we could create were so easily cloned by our competitors, we started to think about how to build a more durable business, how to build a business, you know, that had bigger and more effective modes. One of the first things we did was focus a lot [10:46] on building ecosystems, right? Whether those are, you know, the relationships between creators and Snapchatters, whether that's the platform we built around augmented reality where, you know, developers have built millions of these lenses. So it's very easy to copy hardware, you know, software features, it's very hard

[11:02] to copy or to replicate a full ecosystem or a platform. And so, we realized that the more that we could build a platform around our business, the more that we could build an ecosystem with creators and developers, the harder it would be for folks [11:17] to just copy that. And then it also informed a lot of our thinking about investing in other places that are really hard [11:23] to copy, including hardware, where it's really, really challenging, you know, to copy our fully vertically integrated stack around augmented reality. So, [11:31] I'm certain there's a lot more to talk about [11:34] there but i think you know we learned early on that software is easy to copy and so it's really important to build more durable notes [11:40] And it's really interesting hearing [11:41] hearing this from you and i was going to get to this later but we can talk about this now this big investment you've been putting into hardware [11:47] You would think network effects would be the most. That's what everybody's always trying to [11:52] get to because that's classically a great moat. [11:55] Are you saying that that's maybe not even as great a moat or that's just not enough? [12:00] and then you need something more like, say, hardware. - I think network effects are certainly an important piece of the puzzle for sure, but I don't think they're enough when it comes to these sorts of software [12:10] Uh, [12:11] software cloning. And so despite the fact that we've got a ton of patents and we've protected all these ideas, the way that it works and [12:17] in software is that it's quite easy for folks to copy or iterate on top of these ideas. And so I think in addition to network effects, it's really important to try to build businesses that are more defensible by truly building out a platform that can support relationships between creators, developers and the community, because that in and of itself we found is incredibly difficult to copy.

[12:38] It's so interesting. Like if you think about it, you're working on two of the hardest types of businesses, a consumer social platform and hardware. And I love that you're doing that. And this hardware investment, you've been at it for a long time. You had spectacles, you had drones. I don't think people remember you had this drone that could take photos of you. [12:55] And then you have specs coming out as it specs or spectacles. The name of what's coming out today, by the way, specs is coming out this year. Specs. Okay, well, we're going to talk about it, but just [13:03] Maybe you've already answered it why this is something you're so passionate about, but [13:07] Why this kind of ongoing investment in hardware? Well, I think to like take a huge step back. [13:15] I love computers. I grew up using computers all the time. I built my own computer when I was in middle school. You know, I fell in love with graphic design and would spend like every lunch period in the computer lab. [13:28] And I think one of the things that I noticed about computers and I think today with mobile phones is that in many ways they isolate us from one another. Right. They actually take us out of our social interactions. They took me off the playground at recess and put me into the computer lab. Or, you know, if I look at our 15 year old today and his friends. Right. You know, sometimes when they're hanging out, they're all looking down at their phones, even though they're all together.

[13:58] that keeps us grounded in the real world rather than, you know, removing us from it. And that's something that we realized early on with Snapchat, right? We were innovating, building, you know, lenses and augmented reality. But ultimately, we saw that people were using AR on these tiny little phone screens, right? That required you to use your thumbs to interact. And so, you know, it's almost like interacting with the world through like a keyhole, you know, rather than actually staying grounded and being able to interact together with friends. [14:28] play a bigger and bigger role in our lives. You know, I think today people spend seven or eight hours a day on average on screens that like something has got to change to to make this technology fit better into our lives. Right. We get enormous value from computers. But at the same time, I think the cost is is quite meaningful. And and I think, um, [14:48] you know, they need to evolve. So, you know, with the early, with the early version of Spectacles, I guess that was back in 2014 or something like that. You know, the initial idea was just to get the camera off the phone right out of your pocket and, you know, allow you to more easily, you know, take snaps out in the world. But we then sort of built a roadmap from there, right, where we added a second camera to get depth, we added a display to be able to overlay [15:11] digital objects into the world and help you interact with them. And then with the last generation, [15:16] In 2024, we released our operating system, which now allows developers to build full featured software inside of specs, you know, in preparation for the consumer. [15:27] So I don't know, I think the time is right for a new type of computer. I think people are frustrated with the cost of using phones and computers today. They're kind of all hunched over like gremlins. And we can build a new computer. We have built a new computer that brings people outside, that helps them connect together with their friends, that frees them up to actually use their hands to interact with the world. And that to me is really exciting. I think it's a whole new chapter.

[15:55] Gosh, I mean, what, it's been 20 years or something since the iPhone. So it's about time for something new, I think. [16:00] So I got an early preview of the specs and it's extremely cool. I learned how to be an airbender. [16:07] I put plants all over my house, drawing all over the place. And there's multiplayer features, which is very cool, which [16:14] I think it's part of the idea, right, is you're connecting with people versus sitting in like a VR environment on your own. [16:19] I worry about being connected all the time, so I imagine that's a new thing we have to figure out. [16:24] How do we not just get hooked on just watching things on the side instead of looking at someone we're with? [16:28] Do you have any thoughts there? Is there a solution to that other than just social norms? I do think social norms will... [16:36] play a, [16:37] a big role. But I also think one of the things people experience with AR, you know, [16:42] Specs, unlike these heads-up display glasses, they don't just put an annoying little screen that's stuck to your face on the glasses. They actually anchor content in the world, which is really different. They put that content directly in your field of view rather than requiring you to look down at some little screen or get some text alert or notification. So I think... [17:07] Frankly, I don't think those use cases are very compelling. Like, I don't think receiving phone notifications on your face is like, you know, a valuable thing. [17:16] you know, proposition for most folks. So I don't think we necessarily have to worry about that because I think most people don't want that. I think like what is going to be really important with specs is showing people [17:25] all the incredible new ways they can hang out and connect together with their friends wearing specs. But I don't think it'll be disruptive or notification based or something like that. One of the things that I really dislike about the heads up display glasses is when you're looking at the little heads up display in the corner, you're actually looking at your friend's crotch while you're talking to them if you check the heads up display. So the position is just very strange. And I don't think that that's something that really is resonating.

[17:51] with customers, nor do I think that's something that's going to become like a widespread behavior. [17:56] I want to go back to this idea of how to innovate. [18:00] I feel like Snap has always been punching above its weight in terms of just how much new stuff comes out of your team. [18:07] How many inventions happen? [18:09] considering the size of the company and the history. [18:13] What do you find is needs to be true for innovation to happen? What do you what do you do to allow for all these great ideas to emerge? The best sort of like academic overview or summary, I think, comes from a guy Safi Bakal, who wrote a book called Loon Shots. [18:28] really worth reading it's all about the innovation process and actually when i read it i was like oh my gosh that kind of explains a lot of how we think about innovation at snap and i think to summarize the academic version we can talk about like what we've developed and built at snap but like to [18:44] You know, essentially his findings are that, you know, [18:48] uh, [18:48] Basically, if you want to deliver a product at scale, you usually need quite a large organization. A large organization needs hierarchy and structure, a lot of operational rigor. And as soon as you have an organization that's very large and very structured like that, people become very focused on getting a promotion, right? Getting into the next step of the hierarchy. And that means that all of a sudden they become a lot more risk averse. They're not really as willing to try new things.

[19:18] that have sort of been set for them in this operational hierarchy. And that makes it very, very challenging to innovate. [19:26] Now, on the flip side, structures that are really healthy and constructive for innovation typically are very, very flat. [19:33] That's the same for our design team, for example, where there's no one that has a fancier title or a role. [19:39] There's a lot of flexibility in terms of the ability to try new things and fail quickly and put up crazy ideas. What he basically finds is that the companies that are very successful actually have both types of organizations inside their company. And that the leaders of the organization are the ones who are responsible for creating a healthy functioning relationship between the two types of organizations. Because what ends up happening in a lot of companies is that [20:06] This small innovative team becomes critical of the large organization. Oh, they're so bureaucratic and slow. They don't innovate, things like that. [20:14] And then the larger organization is like, oh, what are these jokers doing? You know, just innovating. They're not really driving the business. They're not supporting our customers. [20:22] And so a lot of tension actually arises from the different organizational structures. And so the leadership responsibility, and I think, you know, Safi does a really good job looking throughout history, what leaders have cultivated really constructive and powerful relationships between, you know, the more, you know, innovative or flat parts of the organization and the more structural, you know, structured and and hierarchical parts of the organization. You know how you create that mutual respect, how you create that dialogue between those parts of the organization is so important.

[20:52] Yes. [20:52] know when i read that i was like wow that actually sounds quite similar to what we have at snap you know we have to run a large public company serve almost a billion customers that means you know our service needs to be really reliable and it means that we need to operate you know really really effectively uh to serve our customers and at the same time we have a very very small you know it sort of oscillates between like nine and twelve people design team um that is constantly innovating and creating new things and i think you know the beauty of what i love about snap is that [21:21] the dialogue between those two teams is where a lot of that innovation happens. Because a lot of our engineers, you know, working to serve our customers or working on reliability, have a bunch of great ideas, and so do our designers. And as long as they're in dialogue, [21:33] you know, really great things can happen. [21:35] There's someone, I forget who this was, but they described this approach. [21:38] as the fast thinking and slow thinking part of the organization, kind of like Kahneman's [21:43] system one, system two approach. [21:46] It's interesting, the fast-moving, let's say. What do you kind of call this innovation team? Or do you have a label for this? What's it? [21:53] come up with the new ideas part of the org? Well, I think it's really important to acknowledge that like new ideas come from everywhere and we want that. But I think the design team in particular, it's really important. We call it the design team. Like it's really important that they have a flat, non-hierarchical structure, you know, where new ideas can come from anywhere. I mean, I think that that is absolutely critical. So in terms of how you operationalize this, is that the key to the... [22:16] innovation you've seen as this specific small design team [22:20] who can work, like talk about just how you actually

[22:23] operationalize this sort of way of working. [22:26] Yeah, I mean, I think it's an important part of it, but a lot of how we built Snap was modeled actually on mine and Bobby's original relationship, right? Where like Bobby, you know, has a computer science, you know, heavy duty computer science and stats background, mathematical and computational science. But he really likes design and likes thinking about, you know, building things for customers and empathizing with them. I have a design background, right? I was, you know, in the product design program back at school, which actually was like part of the mechanical engineering department at the time. [22:56] some computer science classes. So I, you know, sort of kind of understood, you know, you know, knew what I was talking about when it came to computer science. So we both like had mutual respect for each other and our skill sets and our backgrounds and both enjoyed talking together about the types of products we wanted to create. And that dialogue created, you know, a lot of innovation. And so a lot of how we've thought about growing the company over time is like strengthening that dialogue between engineers and designers and creating, you know, an environment [23:26] comfortable throwing out really crazy ideas. But I think for the design team in particular, the thing that is probably most important [23:33] is the velocity... [23:35] of design work. So I typically meet with our designers for a couple hours every week and we just look at work. I mean, new work every week, you know, hundreds of ideas, I would guess, you know, on a weekly basis that, you know, to me, you know, if I think about, um, [23:51] where I learned how to design and build things, I have sort of an interesting combination because, you know, I went to

[23:58] to Stanford for the product design program, which is really focused on empathy, right? In this iterative process of understanding what people want and building prototypes and iterating, but really centered on empathy, right? Human centered design. [24:09] And then at the same time, I had also been to art school. So I had studied at Art Center. I'd studied at Otis here in Los Angeles, both great art schools. And so I was used to this like grinding [24:20] you know, expectation that you're making new work all the time. And then just an absolutely brutal critique process, you know, on a regular basis. And so, you know, for me, as I thought about, you know, [24:32] the parts of my education that I really liked, it was this combination of really developing empathy with people and what, you know, the types of products that they want in their lives. But at the same time, having this really high velocity, uh, [24:44] you know, work ethic where you're not just like thinking [24:47] you know, all the time about, you know, new products. You're actually making stuff every week all the time. And then you're talking about it as a team because that critique process is where so much of the learning sort of happens. So, you know, I'd say that the velocity of work, you know, is really important because our favorite saying is, you know, if you want to have a good idea, you have to have lots of ideas. That's really, really important. [25:08] I just had Keith Raboy on the podcast. I don't know if you know this about his, he has many contrarian takes. [25:14] One is if you're building a consumer product, do not talk to customers. [25:18] Not only is it not useful, his advice is it's harmful because it can infiltrate your subconscious and [25:25] It just doesn't lead to great things. [25:27] What's your perspective on that?

[25:28] Wow, that's really interesting. I would say you have to talk to customers. You have to share your idea. You should share your idea as quickly as possible, as frequently as possible. It doesn't mean you need to take people's advice or feedback, but it's really important, I think, to listen. And I think for me, you know, it's not like the survey model of listening. I don't think that's particularly helpful. But I think going deep and talking with someone for an hour, two hours about how do they use technology? How does it fit in their lives? How do they feel about [25:55] you know, the products they're using, you can learn so much. And I think, you know, customers are an endless source of inspiration. Um, [26:02] when it comes to building products. So pro talking to users, because I feel like you've been really good at just like, here's what, [26:10] It'll be and here's how it should be. And even though people may not understand this is what it should be. I trust me it'll work really well. What's that balance of just like here's how much how [26:18] what I'll pay attention to, here's what I won't. [26:20] Well, let's use stories as an example, right? So, you know, back then we were hearing from customers all the time. I want to send all button. I want to send all button. [26:29] You know, it's so annoying to select everybody on my list of friends and Snapchat. If you just give me a send all button, then I can blast snaps to everybody all day long. And that'd be really great. [26:38] And at the same time, we were talking to people about their use of social media. Right. And they're like, oh, gosh, social media. I feel all this pressure. Right. Everything I put up there is permanent all the time. You know, it's got all these likes and comments. So there's all this judgment. So I only feel like I can put like pretty and perfect things up there. You know, and I just don't like that pressure. That doesn't feel good. I actually love the way that Snapchat works.

[27:00] allows me to just express myself and share with my friends. [27:03] without that sort of judgment and pressure. [27:06] And so we thought that was really interesting. And so we dug deeper into how people were using social media. We found that one of the things they thought was really weird [27:14] was that everything was in reverse chronological order in the feed. So the feed back in the day, the timeline, right? Like, you know, when people posted photos, [27:22] you know, they would always find that like the end of the birthday party appeared first in the feed. Right. And then the middle and then, you know, the beginning of the party. So everything was was sort of, you know, just like played in reverse in the feed, which was was really strange to folks. So [27:37] We listened to all of that and heard all of that. [27:40] But then we came up with something totally new and different, which were stories, right, that were responsive to the feedback. Right. They didn't create a send all button, but they did create a way to easily share with all of your friends without spamming them all day long. They removed, you know. [27:53] public metrics. They didn't have likes and comments and things like that to reduce pressure. They disappeared after 24 hours so that everyone could start the day fresh again the next day. And they, maybe most importantly, were in chronological order, which is the way that people have told stories since the beginning of time. So I think that's an example where listening is incredibly valuable. All of those insights that we received just from listening to folks made a huge difference in the product design process, but we didn't build exactly what they [28:23] and then came up with something new. That is such a great story. I love hearing these stories of features that everyone's using now and how they came to be.

[28:30] Was there like a moment of just like this is the way, this is the story concept that you remember, or was it kind of this very gradual evolution? - It was iterative because in a lot of ways, some of the early ideas started more around like a status update. You know, that was sort of like, you know, how could you know what your friends on Snapchat were up to even if you weren't sending snaps back and forth? [28:50] You know, it sort of started there. And then, you know, again, through talking to people and iterating, understanding what folks were really looking for, we ended up [28:58] you know, ended up with stories and some of the gestures, you know, that people maybe take for granted today, being able to tap forward through stories and backwards through stories, full screen, right? Vertical content. Those were all really new things at the time. Is there another story of something that y'all built that, uh, [29:13] just like was interesting and how it came to be. These stories are so interesting and people don't know these histories. You know, one of my favorite stories was around screenshot detection, actually, in the early days, because when we first built Snapchat and we shared with people, oh, you could send photos to disappear. Everyone said, no, you can't. [29:31] You can always take a screenshot. What do you mean you can send things to disappear? That makes no sense. And so, you know, we thought a lot. I remember that summer after school, we went home, we're working on my dad's house and Bobby and I were just going back and forth. And we were like, you know, [29:45] We were having fun using the product, we were sending photos back and forth, but people would just keep saying, "Well, it's not about disappearing photos, because you can just save them, I don't get it." And one of the things we invented at the time, we figured out a way, we realized that if you were pressing and holding to open a snap and left your finger on the screen,

[30:05] and you took a screenshot, it would basically trigger, you know, an event on the phone essentially that made the phone would essentially report that your finger had lost contact with the screen. Right. That's that's what the screenshot mechanism did. So even though Apple didn't provide an API at the time to let you know that a screenshot had been taken, [30:24] there was a way for us to essentially detect this touch event [30:27] to learn that a screenshot had happened. And then we would just send a notification back [30:31] to the sender that, oh, you know, the recipient had taken a screenshot. [30:35] That, for us in the early days, really resonated with our community because they didn't mind if somebody saved one of their snaps. They just wanted to know. I think that early invention was one of the first things that really got a lot of traction in the early days. [30:51] I think, you know, [30:53] help Snapchat spread as a new way of communicating. [30:56] That is really cool. I can't imagine Snapchat. [30:59] existing without you figuring that out. That feels like such a core [31:02] Mechanic. Something that is also really, I'd say, famous in the PM community about Snap is you guys waited a long time to hire product managers. I've done all these research projects. [31:13] reports on just like how long it took the top companies to hire their pms and [31:17] The number I saw is you had 200 employees. [31:20] before you hired your first PM. [31:22] I'm curious if you think that was a mistake waiting that long and just your current thoughts on product managers, just like. [31:30] how they fit into snap a lot of people listening to this rpms and so i'm just curious [31:33] How do you feel? A lot of my view of product management was actually driven by my view of designers and the role that designers should play. And one of the things that I was concerned about in the tech community, if you look at the traditional tech or structure, designers really are producing visuals. They're not really producing the product direction or the strategy or the vision or net new ideas.

[31:59] that new innovation, right? They're really responsive, actually, I think in many cases to the PM saying, this is what we're building. Now go make me some visuals. And I absolutely did not want that type of culture to take root because again, as I mentioned, we've modeled a lot of the, [32:13] you know, the way that we develop products here at Snap on that early relationship between myself and Bobby, really this, you know, this harmonious relationship between design and engineering and how important that is, that dialogue is to building great things and great, great products. And so, you know, I think in the early days, my view was not that we don't need PMs. My view is that designers should do that work. So that's essentially, you know, what we would say to our designers, which was like, you know, hey, if you need PM support, why don't you just do it yourself? What's the big deal? [32:43] I think that that really helped, frankly, designers play a more active role in the product development process. Now, today, at a company operating at our scale, if you look at the legal requirements, our approach to trust and safety, it really does take a village to get a new product off the ground. [33:13] innovate or make the product better. So I think, you know, as the organization grows and there becomes, you know, all of these different capabilities that the company didn't have in the early days, you know, whether it's data science, you know, you name it, product managers play a really important role in bringing all those folks to the table and making sure we deliver.

[33:30] you know, the right thing at the right time. [33:32] I am so excited to tell you about this season's supporting sponsor, Vanta. Vanta helps over 15,000 companies like Cursor, Ramp, Duolingo, Snowflake, and Atlassian earn and prove trust with their customers. Teams are building and shipping products faster than ever thanks to AI. But as a result, the amount of risk being introduced into your product and your business is higher than it's ever been. [34:02] organization, their business, and not to mention their customer data. Because things are moving so fast, they are constantly reacting, having to guess at priorities, and having to make do with outdated solutions. [34:14] Vanta automates compliance and risk management with over 35 security and privacy frameworks, including SOC 2, ISO 27001, and HIPAA. This helps companies get compliant fast and stay compliant. More than ever before, trust has the power to make or break your business. [34:31] Learn more at Vanta.com slash Lenny. And as a listener of this podcast, you get $1,000 off Vanta. [34:38] That's Vanta.com slash Lenny. [34:41] There's this interesting question that everyone's asking right now. Mark Andreessen put it really well when he was on the pod. [34:47] There's this kind of like three way standoff right now between PMs, designers, engineers, where they each think they are the future. [34:53] and you don't need the other with AI. [34:55] And everyone's wondering who's going to, what's the more important core skill? [34:59] I imagine your sense is now AI makes designers even more powerful.

[35:03] And so this is even more the way to approach talk about just like how you think this shifts these this triad with AI enabling people. Well, it sounds highly dysfunctional if folks are having that standoff. That is not not a good thing. But I do like I do like that people are thinking about doing work really differently. I think that's imperative at this moment of time. The rate of change is extraordinary. [35:25] Look, I do think designers feel vindicated in a lot of ways, right? You know, a lot of designers had parents who were saying, why aren't you studying computer science? You know, what are you going to do with this skill set? [35:34] drawing things, this doesn't make any sense. And I think today, a lot of our designers are now shipping code, which is extraordinary. And that's a really big and really meaningful change in terms of the way that the design works here at Snap and the way the creative process works. And so I think removing friction from the creative process and being able to go from idea to impact at the scale of almost a billion people using Snapchat is really empowering and exciting for [36:04] tools you know [36:06] maybe level the playing field to some extent for creative people. Yeah, what I feel like, I don't see this happening yet, but I feel like, because now it's so much easier to build, people are shipping all these okay things, [36:17] And it feels like design should have its moment of glory right now as a differentiator of like, okay, this is actually awesome. [36:25] I haven't felt that yet. And I'm curious if that's what will begin to happen. Well, I think for us, design actually has always operated as like a bottleneck at the company, which is incredibly important, right? It's intentional that things need to be approved by design to ship. And sometimes that really annoys people, you know, and it does slow down the shipping process. Sometimes it means that if you don't know how to work well with design or get your ideas in front of design, that like some really innovative or cool new thing developed by, you know, a PM or developed by an engineer maybe doesn't get shipped as fast as it should.

[36:55] But that bottleneck is really, really important because that's what results in a cohesive customer experience. And I think, you know, I think you can see when an app has been built by, you know, teams who are responsible for different, you know, pages of the app, right, or different parts of the experience. But there isn't really like a cohesive through line. And I think, you know, for us at Snap, you know, having design really actually be that bottleneck in terms of helping to, you know, manage what we're shipping and, you know, what it looks like and how it all works together, I think is really important. [37:25] That's a good segue to something I wanted to ask you about, which is [37:28] You're famously very in the weeds on everything that is going on, all the things that are shipping. [37:33] You're very close to the pixels. [37:35] I'm curious how that's evolved for you over time. Like, are you still in there looking at everything that's about to ship? And what's your just philosophy on founders and [37:44] having to be involved in the, let's say the pixels and the details of the product. First and foremost, like, yeah, this is what I love to do. Like, I love building things. I love, you know, making new products, services for our community that that that is like what drives me. I really, really enjoy that part of the process. So, you know, it's not work to me. It's something that I really just love doing and love doing together with our team. And so I think for me like that, you know, in addition to all the great people I get to work with here at Snap, like the

[38:14] And the reason why I'm skipping to work is because I am in the weeds on what we're building and shipping to our customers. [38:19] our community. That being said, there are always smarter, better, more talented experts, you know, working on all the different things that we have going on. But I really do like staying close to what we're [38:31] what we're creating. [38:32] I don't think it's relevant just to founders. I think no matter what type of company you're running or your role in the company is staying close to [38:40] your customer, staying close to the product and the way that it's serving your customers, [38:45] fundamentally most important thing you could possibly do. I think like I absolutely subscribe to like the old school, like walk the floors, talk to your customers, get out there and stay in touch with what's actually happening with your service, with your community. [38:59] with your team. And I think that's probably the most important job that any leader can do in any company is stay close to their customers, stay close to their team. [39:07] Do you feel like especially for a consumer... [39:09] and consumer social product. This is extra important to just be like extremely in the weeds on everything that is shipping and [39:17] I'd say having your design team have to approve everything. Do you feel like that's especially important for a consumer? [39:22] I don't think it's especially important for a consumer. I think it's especially important for any company that wants to deliver great products to their community, right? Look, companies have different points of strength, right? And differentiation. But if you want to, you know, differentiate on the product experience, [39:35] I think it's really important that leaders stay very close to that. Is there anything special you look for in the designers you hire, knowing that they're basically running the show?

[39:44] and just approving everything and just kind of like the right hand to Evan. Is there anything in particular you look for? [39:49] when you're hiring these designers. [39:51] Yeah, there's a couple of really important things. First of all, we make all of our hiring decisions just based off portfolio. So like that's really all we want to see. Like, I really don't care where you've worked or your level of experience. In fact, most people join our design team right out of school. [40:06] not from a big tech company or something like that. And really what I'm focused on is understanding the portfolio. And I wanna see two things from the portfolio. The first is a, [40:17] really wide range. And that is the difference between art and design. So there are lots of people who have a very distinct style, right? They have a very distinct way of building things and creating things. That really is art, right? They're expressing themselves and their own personal point of view on the world. And it can be very beautiful, but it is not design. Design is really about, you know, empathizing with your customer, empathizing with your audience, your viewer, whoever it is, and then building something that really resonates with them. And that means you [40:47] of range, you've got to be able to build and create things that look totally different. So when I'm going through a portfolio, you know, the first thing I'm looking for is like, are they building stuff that all looks the same? Or are they building things that look really different, right? That, you know, [41:02] that have been responsive to different sets of needs. And that's how I know that they're a designer and not just an artist. And then, you know, the other thing I want to understand, and, you know, typically, you know, I interview every designer that joins our team. And what I want to understand is why and the story behind the work that they they created. So typically what I'll do is just say, hey, you know, pick something in your portfolio, anything you feel strongly about, you know, you could love it, hate it. I don't care. You just have to feel strongly about it. And just tell me the story of why you made it and what you learned through that through that

[41:32] I think pretty quickly you can understand someone's process in terms of [41:38] you know, building something or inventing something, how do they go about it? And I'm really trying to make sure that we have people who have different ways of doing that on our team. One of the strengths of our design team has been that people come from lots of different backgrounds, right? They might come from 3D animation, or they might come from electrical engineering. And like, that's a real strength to have folks who see the world differently and have, you know, totally different sets of skills. [41:58] So as I was preparing for this chat, I talked to a bunch of people that worked at Snap over the years, and I've integrated their ideas throughout already. [42:06] But one that came up that I thought was interesting is I hear that you spent a lot of time developing young design talent. And that's a big focus of yours. [42:14] Can you just talk about how you develop young design talent? [42:17] Well, I think the number one way to develop young design talent is just help them make lots of stuff. [42:24] and get a lot of feedback from, you know, whether it's our customers or, you know, their teammates or, you know, myself directly. And so one of the things that we do that's different at Snap is, you know, your first day that you join the design team, you present work. [42:37] And it's really, really important that, you know, the first day that you show up on the team, you're making things. And that just sets the tone for the rest of your. [42:45] you know, experience on the design team and growth on the on the design team, because really, [42:49] That's what we're all about. And so I think folks who can get comfortable very quickly in that velocity of making things, that's where, you know, the ego sort of melts away. Because, you know, when you're creating a thousand new ideas, who cares that most of them are not great ideas? That's totally fine. Right. What we want to get rid of is that sense of preciousness that people have around ideas where they feel like, oh, I've got this one really perfect, great idea. And if people don't love it, that means that I'm not a great designer. It's like, no, that's that's ridiculous. We.

[43:15] We all need to just create [43:18] as many ideas as possible that will lead us to some really great ideas hopefully over time. And so I think for young designers, establishing that velocity of ideation very early on is really, really important. And then the other thing we do that I think is different, although I don't know, I've never really worked anywhere else, is [43:37] We don't. [43:38] allow designers to get stuck on specific products or verticals. [43:43] for very long. We like to make sure people are rotating through different parts of the product to bring new ideas and fresh perspectives and also to avoid getting bored. Like if you're a great designer and you're stuck, you know, designing the chat experience for three years, like, I mean, how boring is that? It's really exciting. I think it's snap to be able to [44:01] work across all of these highly engaged product services. We have one of the largest maps in the world. We have this huge, the biggest augmented reality platform. These are really exciting opportunities for designers and it's important that we are rotating them across [44:13] you know, all of these different products, so they're not getting stuck. [44:17] I had Jenny Wen on the podcast. She's the she was head of design for Claude and co-work and she was a like a director at Figma. And then she came to Anthropic and moved to just IC design again and asked her what's the hardest part of that move. And she said it's just all the crits that she has to deal with now. Just so much criticism and constant feedback. And she forgot about that part of it. [44:37] So it's interesting that's such a core part of the way you like the thing that people have to learn, essentially, and get good at. [44:43] - Well, and one of the things that's so important, right, about our design team and our design culture, one of the things that we try to do is there is no gate to showing me work every week. So there is no, you don't, like, any idea, it doesn't matter, you know, how good people think it is, how bad it is, you can bring it to that design meeting.

[44:59] get it on the on the list and share your work and your idea. And that is so important because I think to your point, you know, sometimes people over rely on this critique process and great ideas get filtered out. And so I think creating this culture on the team where like you can bring anything to the design meeting, there's no, you know, filtering process, I think is just so important. [45:20] You mentioned AI, how designers are shipping code. [45:23] I have a friend who works at... [45:25] a big tech company and he just said all the design team they're required to ship like I don't know 10 PRs a month or something like that or a quarter which is such a new world. [45:35] I guess one is just like, how do you think about designers? Should be good. Is that like, just do it if you can? Or is there like a requirement sort of thing? And broadly, I'm just curious how AI is changing the way your team operates. [45:47] What are just like a few things that have [45:49] been impactful in how your team operates that are AI driven. [45:52] Taking a step back, it's definitely not a requirement to ship code on the design team, but I think people are so passionate and curious about learning new things. I mean, one of the things, you know, we've always tried to do on the design team is just figure it out. Right. I remember in the early days of some of the 3D graphics stuff that we were trying to do. One of our team members had never done 3D graphics before, and they were like, yeah. [46:12] like, okay, let's just figure it out, right? So they took some online tutorials and like, you know, boom, like we were off to the races. So I think the design team has always been really flexible in terms of, you know, their curiosity, learning new things. And so I don't think you have to like push people or create a requirement or something like that for folks to want to adopt new tools and want to, you know, want to ship code. I think, you know, the big question now that everyone and anyone thinks they can, you know, submit a PR is like how we don't break things at a billion, you know,

[46:42] we've really tried to do is also develop AI tools and guardrails to make it easier for more people to [46:47] you know, participate and submit code, but also reduce the likelihood that, you know, we're going to have some sort of bug. So, you know, we've got automated code review now. We've, I think, automatically detected like close to 10,000 bugs at this point, probably. You know, we've got, we have a system at Snap where, you know, on the internal version of the app, you can shake to report, you know, your problem and agents now, you know, debug exactly what happened, what went wrong, and, you know, can actually like suggest a fix. And I think, you know, in pretty short order, [47:17] as well, which is pretty crazy. So I think, you know, taking a step back, there's so much excitement around the way that AI is going to change the way that companies work. Obviously, software companies in particular, like ours, I think, are on the cutting edge of the way that AI is changing. [47:32] how things get built and what gets done. [47:35] we really wanted to bring some like order to that chaos. And so the way that we did that was really by starting with the jobs to be done for our community and our advertisers. So getting really, really basic and straightforward on, OK, [47:50] you know, for Snapchatters, right, or jobs to be done. It's as simple as like get people to download the app, right, get them to add their close friends. [47:58] you know, get them to, you know, I don't know, use lenses, something like that on the advertiser front. Right. It could be, you know, getting bringing people into the ad platform, configuring their campaign, et cetera. And so by listing out all these jobs to be done, you know, really for the for the community journey and for advertisers as well, it became very clear where we could use agents.

[48:17] where we needed to be very focused in terms of building cross-functional teams around those jobs supported by AI tools. And it's also given us, I think, a really helpful mechanism to track our progress against the business outcomes [48:30] for each of those jobs. So I think [48:32] you know, for us trying to, you know, while I think in this moment of time, you certainly want to like, you know, have a thousand flowers bloom and people are building agents and experimenting. I think at the same time, making sure that that we stay focused on what matters to our community, what matters to advertisers is really, really important. [48:50] OK, I want to take a step back and think about just kind of reflect back. It's been 15 years since you've been working on Snap. You launched about 15 years ago. [48:59] I'm curious just what are some of the [49:02] maybe biggest lessons, maybe the hardest lessons you've learned over the past 15 years, things that you're like, oh, I didn't realize this as I was starting this company. Yeah, I think it's hard to comprehend how much the job changes. [49:15] over time. I mean, it's really quite extraordinary to go from, you know, my job, you know, in the early days with Bobby and I, I was, you know, helping design the product, but I was also answering customer support emails. I was, you know, trying to get our legal filing sorted out. I was trying to raise money, right? [49:30] As the company grows and things evolve, so much more of the job is about leadership, about making sure you're really developing people, selecting the right people to be on the team. [49:42] developing the culture, doing that really, really seriously, and in some ways, creating a structure that can enforce that, to have a cohesive culture and a vision.

[49:51] around the company. [49:53] you know, it becomes about strategy, right? Managing through, you know, enormous change, like what we're seeing with artificial intelligence today, but also, you know, several years ago, managing through the pandemic or managing through rebuilding our advertising platform as the [50:09] landscape, you know, change. So the job has just changed so dramatically. And I think that that's part of what's so energizing about it, what I enjoy so much about it. But it's also something I like never in a million years could have [50:22] anticipated when we were first getting started. [50:26] How have you most changed and I guess evolved over that course? What's like a big area that you've improved in? [50:32] You know, one of one of the big focus areas for me was learning how to communicate more effectively, you know, both both to our team, but also, you know, you know, here on a podcast or with the world. I mean, so much of the job is about becoming a great communicator. I remember I had the opportunity to meet President Clinton at one point in the early days of the company. And he was like, you know, it's very interesting. You know, being president is really like being explainer in chief. [51:02] role in it. And I always thought that was really interesting. And I go back to that a lot. So much of my job is to explain things to our company and to our shareholders, to the world in ways that really make sense and can inspire folks and help us to all move in the right direction. So I think communication just becomes such a core skill. And I think in the early days, I was

[51:25] unnecessarily dismissive of the really important role of communication. [51:30] for founders that are hearing this and are like, OK, I'm going to work on this. [51:34] What most helped you level up in in this space as like coaches as people around you just doing it? [51:40] You know, just doing it is really the only way, you know, and I remember that was really the advice like one of our board members gave to me because I was so reluctant. I didn't want to do an all hands. I didn't want to do Q&A. [51:51] Uh, you know, in the early days of the company, I was like, what, you know, I'll just send an email. And he's like, what are you doing? Like, he's like too bad, Evan. Like, this is your job. Uh, and I think that was really, really good advice. Uh, and so literally I was like, okay, fine. Uh, you know, this is a core part of my job and what I need to learn how to do. I'm going to, I'm going to learn to love it. [52:08] I want to love it. I want to get up there and get in front of our company and really enjoy answering all these really tough questions and digging into the business with our team. And now I really do. I've learned to. [52:20] learn to really enjoy that dialogue with our team. And I learned so much from the questions that folks ask and [52:25] I love that openness. I think it's just such an important part of our company and who we are. I had Rahul Voron on the podcast a while back, the founder of Superhuman. [52:33] And he went through a similar, I don't know if this is what you went through, but he went through a transition where you... [52:37] Loved what he was doing and then ended up being pushed by VCs and leaders to like, OK, you got to do these other things. [52:43] And then like, okay, I really don't like this and I'm going to find a way to do the thing I really enjoy. [52:49] because that's going to reflect in so many ways. [52:51] across the business and help us succeed? Is that something you went through or just like, okay, I just want to get back to the product and building? You know, I think that's,

[52:58] only partly true if you want to stay in the CEO job. Like I think the CEO job has a lot of requirements that are not necessarily things [53:07] you know, that [53:08] that you love to do in the morning. There's a huge amount of responsibility that comes along with being a CEO. There's a lot of operational rigor that I think needs to be developed. I think not every part of the CEO job is glamorous. So I think if you know, if I if I just wanted to work on product, I would pick a different job at Snap. But I think because I really like leading our company and leading the direction and strategy for the business, and because I see a huge opportunity in transforming the way that people use [53:38] you know, computing in the future, you know, both through Snapchat, but also with with specs. I think this is the right role for me right now. I mean, certainly I would spend more time with my family and probably have more fun on some days if I was in a different role or, you know, more focused on design. But I think the opportunity for a business like ours at the scale that we have, it's a you know, it's a once in a lifetime. [54:03] opportunity for me. And I, you know, I, you know, despite its challenges, I do like the CEO job. [54:09] So kind of along those lines, you put out this letter, I think it was the end of last year, where you described this coming year as the crucible moment for Snap. [54:16] uh it's so interesting just like you guys have a billion monthly active users that's just [54:23] I don't think people realize this. [54:25] You're making $6 billion a year in revenue, something like that. One of the very few social networks that

[54:31] lasts, that is durable, with a very [54:35] valuable, interesting audience. [54:38] On the flip side, the stock hasn't been killing it. There's like these investors coming at you trying to tell you to change all these things. [54:45] I guess just thoughts, reflections, and what do you think people are missing about where this might go? [54:51] Well, that's really one of the reasons why I call this year a crucible moment. I mean, the company's almost at the scale of entering the Fortune 500, which is really exciting. It's almost at a billion monthly active users. It's about to launch specs after 12 years of investment in this future computing platform. [55:21] to do that and so i think this is the year that we have to prove that snapchat you know can be a really strong profitable business that it continues uh you know to grow and both in terms of the reach of our audience and their engagement uh you know with new products whether it's you know topic chats or spotlight or you know we i think we've got 200 million people playing games every month on snapchat now so gaming is becoming a big part of um you know the engagement driver [55:51] is that it's going to be very hard for us to win long-term in specs without a really solid foundation. And so I think we need to demonstrate that after a couple of years of rebuilding our ad platform, rebuilding our go-to-market efforts, really accelerating the growth of the small-medium customer part of our business, which has grown really rapidly for us, that this year we have a really solid foundation to launch the next chapter in the company's history. So it's a real turning point for Snap that's really exciting, but it's definitely an all-hands-on-deck moment

[56:21] for the company. [56:22] you had a really interesting way of describing snap in the market you called [56:25] "Snap the middle child." [56:27] Talk about just what that means. [56:29] Yeah, I think one of the things that's so funny about our service is that while we're very, very large in terms of the scale of our audience, in terms of the scale of our business, [56:39] We're much larger than a Pinterest or Reddit, for example. We're also way smaller than Meta and Google. And so we occupy this very interesting sort of middle position in the market. And I think that comes with a lot of benefits because we're big enough. We have enough scale to do really interesting things. But it also comes with the challenges of being overshadowed in some cases by our older brothers. And maybe sometimes the younger kids are getting more attention. [57:09] of defining who we are as a company and who we are as a business. And, you know, I think one of the things that will play an important role in that is getting specs out and, you know, to consumers, because I think right now, [57:20] We've talked so long about the role that specs will play in the world. We've worked on developing the platform for so long, but without something that you can really [57:28] uh you know play with and hang on to and and use yourself it's hard to really understand you know the next chapter of of uh snaps snaps journey so i think you know one of the the biggest challenges that middle children face is defining themselves right standing out from their older siblings and younger siblings and so i think this is a this is a moment and a year when snap is really going to [57:50] And I'm really excited about that.

[57:52] Speaking of middle child, you have a number of children. [57:55] And I'm curious, this is going a whole different direction. What's your policy on screens and devices? Having built Snapchat, [58:04] And then also specs. Just how do you how do you think about devices and your kids? [58:08] Well, we've got a real range. We've got four boys, two, six, seven and 15. So we approach it very differently for all the kids at different ages. For the two year old, it's like zero screen time. We really just want to essentially read with him and play, explore outside and those sorts of things, but not really focus on screens unless he is getting a haircut because he really struggles with getting his hair cut. [58:38] haircut. So when he gets a haircut, he really loves Bobcat tractors, you know, those four wheel sort of Bobcat tractors. And he loves to watch YouTube videos of people driving Bobcat tractors around. So when he gets his haircut, he can watch people drive Bobcat tractors. But other than that, [58:55] For the six and seven year olds, they are, I would say, infrequent, they are not a good [59:01] movie watchers. But other than that, again, you know, we don't give them phones or anything like that. In fact, it was really fun for, you know, over the holidays for Christmas, I gave them that new. I think Palmer Lucky has a startup where they are sort of remaking Game Boys. I have one of those. [59:17] Yeah, it's really fun. Yeah. Mod retro. Yeah, mod retro. So the TVP guys gave me two of them for our for our kids for for Christmas. And so they get to spend a little time on those in addition to watching movies every now and then.

[59:30] With the 15 year old, he is all in on technology, whether he's using it for school or whether he's using it to talk with his friends or using Snapchat. So it really depends on kids and where they're at developmentally. But I think for us, that's been our approach. [59:44] Is there anything you're doing with AI in your kids? Like maybe even the older one, just like... [59:48] AI education sort of tools, chat, GPT, [59:51] Yeah, it's so funny at the breakfast table the other morning, actually, I was just asking them a lot about like, how are their teachers talking about AI at school? How are they thinking about integrating in the curriculum? Are you guys, you know, using AI all the time? And I think the answer so far has been not really, you know, which I think is interesting, but certainly, you know, our kids play around with it. [1:00:09] at home. They are beta testers for specs, which is really fun. I really love using the glasses together with them and some of the really cool [1:00:18] experiences there and you know, Flynn who's the eldest is probably most fluent in using AI tools. But what I think is so fun as a kid, [1:00:27] I think all of us as kids are incredibly imaginative. We're all born creative. We have all these amazing ideas to share. And I think what's so cool about AI is how, you know, in nearly an instant, you can take any idea you have and make something. And so I think that's so empowering for people. [1:00:42] For young people, it's certainly an experience I want our kids to have. And I think it's going to be so important to deeply integrate into the way that education works today. [1:00:51] Yeah, it's interesting. Snapchat has always been really good at allowing you to create and feel like a superstar. Just create all these really crazy... [1:00:58] lenses and filters and all these things. And it's interesting AI, just like Vibe coding, just

[1:01:03] unleashes so much creativity and kids are so imaginative already. [1:01:07] Absolutely. So interesting. OK, well, to close out our conversation, I've got a couple I'm going to take us to a couple of corners, recurring corners on the podcast. [1:01:14] One is AI Corner. [1:01:16] So the question is, what's a way you use AI in your... [1:01:20] let's say work, [1:01:22] that allow that is just interesting that might be interesting for other people to learn from [1:01:26] Well, one of the things that I really love about it, you know, at Snap, I've got access to all of our dashboards and documents and data. And so, you know, I built we have Glean that integrates, you know, all this data for me. And I built just an agent that will go and comb through everything that's happening in the company and let me know what's up, what I need to focus on, what I need to catch. And every now and then I really catches something that I hadn't hadn't realized or need to focus a bit more on. And so I think we're just so fortunate to have so much structured data in our company. [1:01:56] For our leaders, they also send me every week the three things from the week and three things looking ahead. [1:02:02] I can very, very easily get a sense for the hotspots in the company, the priority areas, and combined with all of our dashboards and metrics about the way that people are using our service, [1:02:11] I feel like I have a really good sense for what's happening in the company. So I think, you know, what's been most exciting for me in terms of AI is that it's enabling, I think, the type of leadership structure [1:02:23] that I've always wanted, which is very flat, very fast moving. And I think having an AI co-pilot [1:02:30] to help me do that's been a big deal. [1:02:32] And that agent was, you built it in Glean? Is that where it lives? Yeah.

[1:02:36] Yeah, I mean, that I've done in Glean, which is great. Obviously, you can build all sorts of stuff in Cloud. But Glean for us is the most secure way to access all of our different documents and dashboards and things like that. Is there anything interesting in your AI stack? There's sounds like Glean, Cloud. Is there anything else that's that's interesting? Maybe some people may not think about. [1:03:06] with our go-to-market agent, taking that product idea, writing the spec, identifying the relevant folks who need to be involved in sign-offs and understanding it, actually helping to do the risk analysis on the product from a legal trust and safety perspective, writing the go-to-market materials like the blog, et cetera. We're working now on actually building the visuals as well, but doing that in one shot is really wild. So I think there's all sorts of examples like that [1:03:36] the way that agents can play a really massive role in changing the way that we work. And that's connected to how we think about those jobs to be done. So if we can define a job to be done clearly enough that we can build an agent to do it, [1:03:49] that can really create a lot of lift. [1:03:52] Where do you build this agent? What's the platform to use? We've been using Claude to do a lot of the work across Snap. [1:04:02] Okay, I'll take us to another recurring corner in the podcast, Contrarian Corner.

[1:04:07] What's something that you believe that a lot of other people don't believe? What's kind of a contrarian take about it? [1:04:13] Anything that comes to mind? Well, I think for me, like we're in an industry where so much of the conversation is focused on technology. And I think maybe my contrarian point of view or my contrarian angle is like humanity is far more important than the technological. [1:04:30] developments, largely because humanity dictates how technology is adopted. Right. I think, for example, right now, people are massively underestimating the role that human adoption and human comfort, you know, with advances in artificial intelligence will determine its deployment. Right. I think technology leaders think that folks will just blindly adopt new technology as it comes out. [1:05:00] focus as an industry, but more broadly in the world, needs to be putting humanity first, right? Making sure that the tools [1:05:06] we're developing or advancing humanities goals, you know, in addition to business goals. And, you know, I think in our industry, at least that that's a bit contrarian. [1:05:16] Yeah, we don't need to go too down this path, but it's so hard for the AI labs, I think, [1:05:21] to on the one hand be like, okay, this is really dangerous if it gets [1:05:25] much smarter and we need people to know this because this is happening and moving quickly [1:05:29] On the other hand, how do you not just freak everyone out and make everyone so afraid? [1:05:33] of where things are going. It's like, well, how do you, what do you do? What's the right thing for them to do? And, and because of all that, of that doom and gloom, it's,

[1:05:39] Like, I'm sure you've seen these surveys. AI is like, [1:05:42] below ice in terms of popularity and [1:05:45] And below Iran, it's like... [1:05:48] And this isn't going great. [1:05:49] I don't know. I don't know what I'd do if I were to laugh. [1:05:51] And I love, I guess that's like a benefit of Snapchat is it makes like you guys have been in AI for a very long time. [1:05:58] And it shows you the playfulness of it all. And it doesn't have to be that serious. [1:06:03] Anyway. [1:06:04] With that, Evan, we reached our very exciting lightning round. I've got five questions for you. Are you ready? [1:06:10] Let's give it a shot. [1:06:12] Okay. [1:06:14] What are two or three books that you find yourself recommending most to other people? [1:06:18] Well, you know what I just finished was the first 50 years of Apple by David Pogue. I thought it was great. I would recommend the first half because, you know, he interviews like 150 early Apple team members and the stories are just great. And there's a lot of learnings in there. So I really enjoyed I really enjoyed that. I think. [1:06:37] What else have I read recently? There's a great book, maybe relevant for this particular moment called The End of the World is Just the Beginning. [1:06:45] which actually touches a lot on the vulnerability of global shipping. The global economy is built on global shipping, and it sort of predicts a world where the US is going to have a much harder time securing the world. [1:06:59] the global waterways, and what does that mean for the way that we build things and organize ourselves as a society. That sounds quite familiar these days. Quite relevant for the given moment.

[1:07:10] Awesome. [1:07:12] Is there a recent movie or TV show you have really enjoyed? [1:07:15] I mean, I feel like this is so typical, but like I loved Marty Supreme. I thought that movie was off the charts and I was like, [1:07:23] I, yeah. [1:07:24] I don't know. I'm not used to watching stuff that extreme. You know, I mean, I could I was like on the edge of my seat the whole time. It's like a full throttle. [1:07:31] movie experience. Highly recommend. [1:07:33] I've not seen it yet. I keep hearing amazing things. It's very intense. Yeah. Okay, I'm ready for that. [1:07:39] Next question, is there a product you recently discovered that you really love? [1:07:43] Could be an app, could be clothing, gadget, anything. Well, I think through our kids right now, I'm just rediscovering Pokemon, which is amazing. [1:07:52] so fun. It's so great. And I think, uh, you know, [1:07:56] There's so much art to it and personality and character and what an amazing brand and franchise. And I think, you know, my general view is like there's just so, so much they could do to grow, you know, that that IP and franchises, at least if our kids are any indication. I first mentioned a Pokemon in the lightning round. [1:08:18] Next question. Do you have a favorite life motto? [1:08:20] that you often come back to in work or in life. You have two ears and one mouth, use them in that proportion. [1:08:27] Nice. [1:08:28] Final question. You guys have created many lenses over the years. [1:08:32] I'm curious if you have just like a favorite lens, like all time favorite and then all time least favorite, the worst. [1:08:38] Uh, I mean, all time favorite is probably the vomiting rainbow. I think like that just brought so much joy to so many people, which is great. Least favorite, probably like the old,

[1:08:51] lens i don't know or face swap i just oh right those are intense yeah wow flashback and you guys were the first to do that right [1:08:59] Yeah, I mean, and that was all early days, real-time machine learning transformation on the device. You know, like that was like pretty... [1:09:07] cutting edge at the time. I mean, I don't think people realize that Bobby created our Gen AI lab like 10 years ago, a decade ago or something like that. What a time. The face swapping era. [1:09:17] The early use of generative AI. Wow, I forgot that was another innovation. And then there's like businesses and apps that just set to build that as a whole business. And then all went away, as far as I can tell. [1:09:29] Wow, man, that was a good time. [1:09:31] All right. Well, Evan, is there anything else you want to share? Anything else you want to leave listeners with before we before I let you go? I think it's such an it's such an exciting time. Obviously, I think. [1:09:41] There's a lot of concern about the way that artificial intelligence is going to change our society. But I think there's so much to be optimistic about in terms of the way that computing can become. [1:09:49] We're human, and that's really what we're [1:09:52] focused on. So really excited to share more about all the stuff we've been working on later this year. [1:09:56] Evan, thank you so much for being here. [1:09:58] My pleasure. Thanks, Lenny. [1:10:00] Bye, everyone. Thank you so much for listening. If you found this valuable, you can subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app. [1:10:09] Also, please consider giving us a rating or leaving a review, as that really helps other listeners find the podcast. [1:10:15] You can find all past episodes or learn more about the show [1:10:18] at Lenny's podcast.com. [1:10:21] See you in the next episode.